Old Appliance Repair Parts

Great Exhibition of 1841

19th century in England was the time of great alterations, not only for this country but for the whole Europe and the rest of the world as well. The changes were remarkable in each aspect of life, social, politic, cultural, and technological, even religious, but some of them constituted the foundation. Many historians accepted the end of feudalism in Britain as a turning point in English history, which lead directly to the first and second wave of industrial revolution. It was ambiguous and complex process. Arguably, main factors which evaluated in socio-economic level of human being and social maturity were, for example, British Agricultural revolution after series of laws to allow tenants farmers to join together into larger, more productive private farms. Other one, like technological innovation such as steam engine by James Watt, gave birth of power revolution, cotton spinning technology ushered in textile industry revolution or changes which revolutionised of iron industry for ever. As a consequence of it arise new branches of industry, many factories could exist, machineries become more advanced, railways and steel bridges were built, steam ships made transport from far British colonies easier and cheaper. Development of industry had economical impact for development of new social class, known as middle class, which needed lots of stuffs as individual as fashionable. Lots of manufactories were producing much more stock, advanced goods, produced on a mass scale but very often lacking the taste, and new products based on contemporary inventions. Innovation burst into industry same into interiors with central heating, central pipe water system or artificial lighting. 19th century England was the most advanced in social, economical and political aspects and open minded country with many colonies and powerful leadership. Nevertheless, erratic issues some of them were stimulated by powerful people and particular governments or public institutions as Royal Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce. 19th century transformations in England were also great opportunities for political and cultural propaganda which British government understood excellent. Principal promoter of contemporary transitions was Prince Albert, Queen Victoria‘s consort, who persuaded government to organize Royal Commission for the Great Exhibition in 1851. After successful French Industrial Exposition of 1844, Brittan’s was purposed industrial supremacy of England, British technical achievements and also displayed range of contemporary market in form of competition and encouragement. Royal commission for the self-financing Great Exhibition of the Industry of all Nations, 1851, including also design for main building which had reflected ideas of it. 223 architects from England and 38 from abroad submitted their projects, but lastly design of Sir Joseph Paxton was approved. In fact, he was a specialist at construction of conservatory for tropical plants, called greenhouse, built from iron and glass. His proposal of exhibition building was as adventurous as controversial. It was huge, 1,851 feet long, as year of Great Exhibition, and 454 feet wide structure designed like enormous greenhouse build from iron frame with glass covering as a whole, unlike in size and design to anything seen before. It wasn’t ‘typical’ public building described by contemporary writer and art critic John Ruskin as a ‘cucumber frame between two chimneys’. In fact it was technologically advanced object, which glorified new industrial materials as cast iron and stained glass, with complex hydrating system for lots of full-grown elm trees and palms inside and many of fountains. Despite of this many sculptures or tropical plants were been there. Building was situated in central point of London in Hyde Park, loved by ones and hated by others, constructed from novelty materials, called lastly Crystal Palace.

It was divided into series of courts reflecting history of architecture and art from ancient times including, for example Egypt, through the Renaissance to contemporary time with great achievements and less important inventions. In total, nearly 13,000 expositions were displayed there from the whole world, which were parted in different subjects such as Arts, Technology, Science or Contemporary. Among this were “A group of Indian Art Objects’, ‘Stained Glass Gallery’, ‘The Medieval Court’, ‘Machinery Section’, ‘Agricultural Machinery’, ‘Furniture’, ‘Kitchen appliances’ and ethnics courts as Chinese, Turkish or Indians. It wasn’t the place only for displays, many events were organised there such as world famous acts, concerts or shows and the world’s largest organ were placed in huge centre transept of the Palace. Idea of Crystal Palace was a place for everyone, despite of admissions; prices were diverse from 3 guineas per day to 1 pound. Great Exhibition was a great success, by 141 days over 6 million people from the England and Europe visited Crystal Palace and gained surplus and it was used to found other cultural and educational institutions and buildings like Science Museum, Natural History Museum or Victoria and Albert Museum. It was not only great success of England as powerful country, British technological and scientific achievements but also it was great personal success of Prince Albert as a main protector. After London period of Great Exhibition, Crystal Palace was replaced in 1852 to Sydenham of London’s suburb. Reopened in 1854 but of course great success as in 1851 was never repeated, and finally destroyed by fire in 1936. Despite many critics design of Crystal Palace was repeated by other architects in the future and Great Exhibition 1851 has continuity in series of endless world’s exhibitions to this day including most famous Expo’s with same great ideas as almost 160 years ago.

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Christopher Adach

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